Enye yeendlela eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziibhetri zamandla. Umgangatho weebhetri umisela ixabiso lezithuthi zombane kwelinye icala, kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba lwezithuthi zombane kwelinye icala. Into ephambili yokwamkelwa kunye nokwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokweempawu zokusetyenziswa, iimfuno kunye namacandelo okusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla, iintlobo zophando nophuhliso lweebhetri zamandla ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zezi: iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium, iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iiseli zepetroli, njl.njl., phakathi kwazo uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion lufumana ingqalelo enkulu.
Ukuziphatha kokuvelisa ubushushu bebhetri yamandla
Umthombo wobushushu, izinga lokuvelisa ubushushu, amandla obushushu ebhetri kunye nezinye iiparameter ezinxulumeneyo zemodyuli yebhetri yamandla zinxulumene kakhulu nohlobo lwebhetri. Ubushushu obukhutshwa yibhetri buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nombane kunye neempawu zebhetri, ngakumbi uhlobo lwempendulo ye-electrochemical. Amandla obushushu aveliswayo kwimpendulo yebhetri anokubonakaliswa bubushushu be-Qr yempendulo yebhetri; i-electrochemical polarization ibangela ukuba i-voltage yokwenyani yebhetri iphambuke kumandla ayo e-electromotive equilibrium, kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-polarization yebhetri kubonakaliswa yi-Qp. Ukongeza kwimpendulo yebhetri eqhubekayo ngokwe-equation yempendulo, kukwakho neempendulo ezithile. Iimpendulo eziqhelekileyo zecala ziquka ukubola kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuzikhupha kwebhetri. Ubushushu becala obuveliswa kule nkqubo yi-Qs. Ukongeza, kuba nayiphi na ibhetri iya kuba nokumelana, i-Joule heat Qj iya kuveliswa xa umbane udlula. Ke ngoko, ubushushu obupheleleyo bebhetri sisixa sobushushu semiba elandelayo: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile yokutshaja (yokukhupha), izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuba ibhetri ivelise ubushushu nazo zahlukile. Umzekelo, xa ibhetri itshaja ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Qr yeyona nto iphambili; kwaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokutshaja kwebhetri, ngenxa yokubola kwe-electrolyte, ii-reactions ezisecaleni ziqala ukwenzeka (ubushushu be-reaction esecaleni yi-Qs), xa ibhetri iphantse yatshaja ngokupheleleyo kwaye itshaja kakhulu, Okwenzeka kakhulu kukubola kwe-electrolyte, apho i-Qs ilawula khona. I-Joule heat Qj ixhomekeke kumbane kunye nokumelana. Indlela yokutshaja esetyenziswa rhoqo yenziwa phantsi kombane ongaguqukiyo, kwaye i-Qj lixabiso elithile ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokukhawulezisa, umbane uphezulu. Kwi-HEV, oku kufana nombane wamashumi ee-ampere ukuya kumakhulu ee-ampere. Ngeli xesha, i-Joule heat Qj inkulu kakhulu kwaye iba ngumthombo ophambili wokukhululwa kobushushu bebhetri.
Ngokwembono yokulawula ulawulo lobushushu, iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu (I-HVH) zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo. Ngokwembono yendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu, iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu zinokwahlulwa zibe: ezipholileyo emoyeni (Isifudumezi soMoya sePTC), epholiswe lulwelo (Isifudumezi sePTC esipholileyo), kunye nendawo yokugcina ubushushu obutshintsha isigaba.
Ukuze kudluliswe ubushushu ngesixhobo sokupholisa (i-PTC Coolant Heater) njengesixhobo sokupholisa, kuyimfuneko ukuseka unxibelelwano lokudlulisa ubushushu phakathi kwemodyuli kunye nesixhobo solwelo, njengejakethi yamanzi, ukuze kuqhutyekwe kufudunyezwe kwaye kupholiswe ngokungathanga ngqo ngendlela yokuhambisa ubushushu kunye nokuqhuba ubushushu. Isixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu singamanzi, i-ethylene glycol okanye i-Refrigerant. Kukwakho nokudluliselwa kobushushu ngokuthe ngqo ngokuntywilisela iqhekeza lepali kulwelo lwe-dielectric, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela ubushushu ukuze kuthintelwe ukujikeleza okufutshane.
Ukupholisa i-coolant engasebenziyo kudla ngokusebenzisa utshintshiselwano lobushushu lomoya oluhlala ulwelo kwaye emva koko kufake ii-cocoons kwibhetri ukuze kutshintshiselwane ubushushu obuphakathi, ngelixa ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa ii-coolant-liquid medium heat exchangers ze-injini, okanye i-PTC electric heating/thermal oil heating ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa okuphambili. Ukufudumeza, ukupholisa okuphambili nge-air/air conditioner refrigerant-liquid medium ye-passenger cabin.
Kwiinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu ezisebenzisa umoya kunye nolwelo njengesixhobo, isakhiwo sikhulu kakhulu kwaye siyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yesidingo sefeni, iimpompo zamanzi, ii-heat exchangers, ii-heaters, iipayipi kunye nezinye izixhobo, kwaye ikwasebenzisa amandla ebhetri kwaye inciphisa amandla ebhetri.
Inkqubo yokupholisa ibhetri epholiswe ngamanzi isebenzisa i-coolant (50% yamanzi/50% ethylene glycol) ukudlulisa ubushushu bebhetri kwinkqubo ye-air-conditioner refrigerant nge-cooler yebhetri, ize idlule kwindawo engqongileyo nge-condenser. Ubushushu bamanzi angena kwibhetri buyapholiswa yibhetri Kulula ukufikelela kubushushu obuphantsi emva kokutshintshana kobushushu, kwaye ibhetri ingalungiswa ukuze isebenze kumanqanaba obushushu asebenzayo afanelekileyo; umgaqo wenkqubo uboniswe kumfanekiso. Izinto eziphambili zenkqubo ye-refrigerant ziquka: i-condenser, i-compressor yombane, i-evaporator, i-expansion valve ene-shut-off valve, i-battery cooler (expansion valve ene-shut-off valve) kunye nemibhobho yomoya, njl.njl.; isekethe yamanzi okupholisa ibandakanya: ipompo yamanzi yombane, ibhetri (kuquka iipleyiti zokupholisa), ii-coolers zebhetri, imibhobho yamanzi, iitanki zokwandisa kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-27-2023
