Enye yeendlela eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziibhetri zamandla. Umgangatho weebhetri umisela ixabiso lezithuthi zombane kwelinye icala, kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba lwezithuthi zombane kwelinye icala. Into ephambili yokwamkelwa kunye nokwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokweempawu zokusetyenziswa, iimfuno kunye namacandelo okusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla, iintlobo zophando nophuhliso lweebhetri zamandla ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zezi: iibhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium, iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iiseli zepetroli, njl.njl., phakathi kwazo uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion lufumana ingqalelo enkulu.
Ukuziphatha kokuvelisa ubushushu bebhetri yamandla
Umthombo wobushushu, izinga lokuvelisa ubushushu, amandla obushushu ebhetri kunye nezinye iiparameter ezinxulumeneyo zemodyuli yebhetri yamandla zinxulumene kakhulu nohlobo lwebhetri. Ubushushu obukhutshwa yibhetri buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nombane kunye neempawu zebhetri, ngakumbi uhlobo lwempendulo ye-electrochemical. Amandla obushushu aveliswayo kwimpendulo yebhetri anokubonakaliswa bubushushu be-Qr yempendulo yebhetri; i-electrochemical polarization ibangela ukuba i-voltage yokwenyani yebhetri iphambuke kumandla ayo e-electromotive equilibrium, kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-polarization yebhetri kubonakaliswa yi-Qp. Ukongeza kwimpendulo yebhetri eqhubekayo ngokwe-equation yempendulo, kukwakho neempendulo ezithile. Iimpendulo eziqhelekileyo zecala ziquka ukubola kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuzikhupha kwebhetri. Ubushushu becala obuveliswa kule nkqubo yi-Qs. Ukongeza, kuba nayiphi na ibhetri iya kuba nokumelana, i-Joule heat Qj iya kuveliswa xa umbane udlula. Ke ngoko, ubushushu obupheleleyo bebhetri sisixa sobushushu semiba elandelayo: Qt=Qr+Qp+Qs+Qj.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile yokutshaja (yokukhupha), izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuba ibhetri ivelise ubushushu nazo zahlukile. Umzekelo, xa ibhetri itshaja ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Qr yeyona nto iphambili; kwaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokutshaja kwebhetri, ngenxa yokubola kwe-electrolyte, ii-reactions ezisecaleni ziqala ukwenzeka (ubushushu be-reaction esecaleni yi-Qs), xa ibhetri iphantse yatshaja ngokupheleleyo kwaye itshaja kakhulu, Okwenzeka kakhulu kukubola kwe-electrolyte, apho i-Qs ilawula khona. I-Joule heat Qj ixhomekeke kumbane kunye nokumelana. Indlela yokutshaja esetyenziswa rhoqo yenziwa phantsi kombane ongaguqukiyo, kwaye i-Qj lixabiso elithile ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokukhawulezisa, umbane uphezulu. Kwi-HEV, oku kufana nombane wamashumi ee-ampere ukuya kumakhulu ee-ampere. Ngeli xesha, i-Joule heat Qj inkulu kakhulu kwaye iba ngumthombo ophambili wokukhululwa kobushushu bebhetri.
Ngokwembono yokulawula ulawulo lobushushu, iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo. Ngokwembono yendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu, iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu zingahlulwahlulwa zibe: ezipholileyo emoyeni, ezipholileyo ngolwelo, kunye nezigcina ubushushu obutshintsha isigaba.
Ulawulo lobushushu ngomoya njengendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu
Isixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu sinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni nakwindleko zenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu. Ukusetyenziswa komoya njengesisixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu kukungenisa umoya ngqo ukuze udlule kwimodyuli yebhetri ukufezekisa injongo yokusasaza ubushushu. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka iifeni, umoya wokungena kunye nowokuphuma kunye nezinye izinto.
Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yokungenisa umoya, ngokubanzi kukho ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
1 Ukupholisa okungenamsebenzi kunye nomoya ophuma ngaphandle
2. Ukupholisa/ukufudumeza okungasebenziyo komoya ongenisa umoya kwigumbi labakhweli
3. Ukupholisa/ukufudumeza umoya ongaphandle okanye okwigumbi labakhweli
Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo olungasebenziyo lulula kwaye lusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo imeko-bume ekhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ibhetri kufuneka ifudunyezwe ebusika, imeko-bume eshushu kwindawo yabakhweli ingasetyenziselwa ukuphefumla umoya. Ukuba ubushushu bebhetri buphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokuqhuba kwaye isiphumo sokupholisa somoya kwindawo yabakhweli asilunganga, umoya obandayo ovela ngaphandle ungaphefumlelwa ukuze uphole.
Kwinkqubo esebenzayo, kufuneka kusekwe inkqubo eyahlukileyo ukuze inike imisebenzi yokufudumeza okanye yokupholisa kwaye ilawulwe ngokuzimeleyo ngokwemeko yebhetri, nto leyo ekwanyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zesithuthi. Ukukhethwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwebhetri.
Ulawulo lobushushu olusebenzisa ulwelo njengendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu
Ukuze kudluliswe ubushushu ngolwelo njengolwelo, kuyimfuneko ukuseka unxibelelwano lokudlulisa ubushushu phakathi kwemodyuli kunye nolwelo, njengejakethi yamanzi, ukuze kuqhutywe ukufudumeza nokupholisa ngokungathanga ngqo ngendlela yokuhambisa ubushushu kunye nokuqhuba ubushushu. Ulwelo lungaba ngamanzi, i-ethylene glycol okanye i-Refrigerant. Kukwakho nokudluliselwa kobushushu ngokuthe ngqo ngokuntywilisela isiqwenga sepali kulwelo lwe-dielectric, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela ubushushu ukuze kuthintelwe ukujikeleza okufutshane.
Ukupholisa ulwelo olungasebenziyo kudla ngokusebenzisa utshintshiselwano lobushushu lomoya oluhlala ulwelo kwaye emva koko kufake ii-cocoons kwibhetri ukuze kutshintshiselwane ubushushu obuphakathi, ngelixa ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa izitshintshiselwano zobushushu eziphakathi ze-injini ezipholileyo-ulwelo, okanye ubushushu bokufudumeza/ioyile yobushushu yombane ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa okuphambili. Ukufudumeza, ukupholisa okuphambili nge-air/air conditioner refrigerant-liquid medium yekhabhathi yabakhweli.
Inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu enomoya kunye nolwelo njengesixhobo ifuna iifeni, iimpompo zamanzi, izitshintshi zobushushu, izifudumezi (Isifudumezi somoya se-PTC), imibhobho kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza isakhiwo sibe sikhulu kakhulu kwaye sintsonkothile, kwaye sikwasebenzisa amandla ebhetri, uluhlu Uxinano lwamandla kunye noxinano lwamandla ebhetri luyancitshiswa.
(Isipholisi se-PTCisifudumezi) Inkqubo yokupholisa ibhetri epholiswe ngamanzi isebenzisa i-coolant (50% yamanzi/50% ethylene glycol) ukuhambisa ubushushu ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwinkqubo yefriji yomoya opholileyo nge-cooler yebhetri, ize idlulele kwindawo engqongileyo nge-condenser. Ubushushu bamanzi obungenisiweyo kulula ukufikelela kubushushu obuphantsi emva kokutshintshana kobushushu yi-cooler yebhetri, kwaye ibhetri ingalungiswa ukuze isebenze kumanqanaba obushushu asebenzayo afanelekileyo; umgaqo wenkqubo uboniswe kumfanekiso. Izinto eziphambili zenkqubo yefriji ziquka: i-condenser, i-compressor yombane, i-evaporator, i-expansion valve ene-stop valve, i-battery cooler (expansion valve ene-stop valve) kunye nemibhobho yomoya opholileyo, njl.njl.; isekethe yamanzi okupholisa ibandakanya:impompo yamanzi yombane, ibhetri (kuquka iipleyiti zokupholisa), ii-battery coolers, iipayipi zamanzi, iitanki zokwandisa kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-13-2023
