Eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lobushushu yindlela esebenza ngayo i-air conditioner: "Ukuhamba kobushushu kunye nokutshintshiselana"
Ulawulo lobushushu lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla luhambelana nomgaqo wokusebenza kwee-air conditioner zasekhaya. Zombini zisebenzisa umgaqo "we-reverse Carnot cycle" ukutshintsha imo ye-refrigerant ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaloo ndlela zitshintshiselana ubushushu phakathi komoya kunye ne-refrigerant ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa nokufudumeza. Eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lobushushu "kukuhamba kobushushu kunye nokutshintshiselana". Ulawulo lobushushu lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla luhambelana nomgaqo wokusebenza kwee-air conditioner zasekhaya. Zombini zisebenzisa umgaqo "we-reverse Carnot cycle" ukutshintsha imo ye-refrigerant ngomsebenzi we-compressor, ngaloo ndlela zitshintshiselana ubushushu phakathi komoya kunye ne-refrigerant ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa nokufudumeza. Yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ezintathu: 1) Isekethe yeMoto: ikakhulu yokusasaza ubushushu; 2) Isekethe yebhetri: ifuna ukulungiswa kobushushu obuphezulu, obufuna ubushushu nokuphola; 3) Isekethe ye-Cockpit: ifuna ubushushu nokuphola (okuhambelana nokupholisa nokufudumeza umoya). Indlela yayo yokusebenza ingaqondwa ngokulula njengokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zesekethe nganye zifikelela kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusebenza. Icala lokuphucula kukuba ezi zisekethe zintathu ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana kwaye zihambelana ukuze kufezekiswe ukudibana nokusetyenziswa kokubanda nobushushu. Umzekelo, i-air conditioner yemoto idlulisela ukupholisa/ubushushu obuveliswa kwikhabhini, eyi-"air conditioner circuit" yolawulo lobushushu; umzekelo wecala lokuphucula: emva kokuba isekethe yomoya kunye nesekethe yebhetri ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana/ngokufanayo, isekethe yomoya inika isekethe yebhetri ukupholisa/ Ubushushu sisisombululo "solawulo lobushushu" esisebenzayo (ukugcina iindawo zesekethe yebhetri/ukusetyenziswa kombane ngendlela eyongayo). Eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lobushushu kukulawula ukuhamba kobushushu, ukuze ubushushu buhambe buye kwindawo apho "bufuneka khona" khona; kwaye ulawulo lobushushu olungcono "kukonga amandla nokusebenza kakuhle" ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhamba kunye nokutshintshiselana kobushushu.
Itekhnoloji yokufezekisa le nkqubo ivela kwiifriji ezisebenzisa umoya opholileyo. Ukupholisa/ukufudumeza iifriji ezisebenzisa umoya opholileyo kufezekiswa ngomgaqo "we-reverse Carnot cycle". Ngamafutshane, i-refrigerant icinezelwa yi-compressor ukuze ishushu, ize i-refrigerant efudumeleyo idlule kwi-condenser ize ikhuphe ubushushu kwindawo engaphandle. Kule nkqubo, i-refrigerant exothermic ijika ibe kubushushu obuqhelekileyo ize ingene kwi-evaporator ukuze yande ukuze inciphise ubushushu, ize ibuyele kwi-compressor ukuze iqale umjikelo olandelayo ukuze kufezekiswe utshintsho lobushushu emoyeni, kwaye i-valve yokwandisa kunye ne-compressor zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Ulawulo lobushushu bezithuthi lusekelwe kulo mgaqo ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lobushushu bezithuthi ngokutshintsha ubushushu okanye ukubanda ukusuka kwisekethe yomoya opholileyo ukuya kwezinye iisekethe.
Iimoto zamandla ezintsha zokuqala zineesekethe zolawulo lobushushu ezizimeleyo kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi. Iisekethe ezintathu (i-air conditioner, ibhetri, kunye ne-motor) zenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bokuqala zazisebenza ngokuzimeleyo, oko kukuthi, isekethe yomoya yayinoxanduva lokupholisa nokufudumeza i-cockpit kuphela; isekethe yebhetri yayinoxanduva lokulawula ubushushu bebhetri kuphela; kwaye isekethe yemoto yayinoxanduva lokupholisa imoto kuphela. Le modeli izimeleyo ibangela iingxaki ezifana nokuzimela phakathi kwezinto kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aphantsi. Eyona mpawu icacileyo kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha ziingxaki ezifana neesekethe zolawulo lobushushu ezintsonkothileyo, ubomi obubi bebhetri, kunye nobunzima bomzimba obandayo. Ke ngoko, indlela yophuhliso yolawulo lobushushu kukwenza iisekethe ezintathu zebhetri, iimoto, kunye ne-air conditioner zisebenzisane kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ziqonde ukusebenzisana kwamacandelo kunye namandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kufezekiswe umthamo omncinci wezinto, ubunzima obulula kunye nobomi bebhetri obude.
2. Uphuhliso lolawulo lobushushu yinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwecandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane ngendlela eyongayo
Hlaziya imbali yophuhliso lolawulo lobushushu lwezizukulwana ezithathu zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, kwaye ivalvu eneendlela ezininzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphuculwa kolawulo lobushushu.
Uphuhliso lolawulo lobushushu yinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwamacandelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ngokuthelekisa okufutshane okungentla, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yangoku ephucukileyo, inkqubo yokuqala yolawulo lobushushu isebenzisana ngakumbi phakathi kweesekethe, ukuze kufezekiswe ukwabelana ngamacandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okufanayo. Sijonga uphuhliso lolawulo lobushushu ngokwembono yabatyali-mali. Akufuneki siqonde imigaqo yokusebenza yazo zonke iisekethe, kodwa ukuqonda ngokucacileyo indlela esebenza ngayo isethe nganye kunye nembali yophuhliso lweesekethe zolawulo lobushushu kuya kusenza sikwazi ukuqikelela ngokucacileyo. Chonga indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweesekethe zolawulo lobushushu, kunye notshintsho oluhambelanayo kwixabiso leenxalenye. Ke ngoko, oku kulandelayo kuya kujonga ngokufutshane imbali yophuhliso lweenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu ukuze sikwazi ukufumana amathuba otyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo kunye.
Ulawulo lobushushu lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla ludla ngokwakhiwa ziisekethe ezintathu. 1) Isekethe yomoya opholileyo: Isekethe esebenzayo ikwayisekethe enexabiso eliphezulu kulawulo lobushushu. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulungisa ubushushu bekhabhini kunye nokulungelelanisa nezinye iisekethe ngaxeshanye. Ihlala ibonelela ngobushushu ngomgaqo we-PTC(Isifudumezi sePTC esipholileyo/Isifudumezi soMoya sePTC) okanye ipompo yobushushu kwaye inika ukupholisa ngomgaqo we-air conditioning; 2) Isekethe yebhetri: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri ukuze ibhetri ihlale igcina ubushushu obusebenzayo obufanelekileyo, ngoko ke le sekethe ifuna ubushushu kunye nokupholisa ngaxeshanye ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo; 3) Isekethe yeMoto: Imoto iya kuvelisa ubushushu xa isebenza, kwaye uluhlu lwayo lobushushu bokusebenza lubanzi. Ke ngoko isekethe ifuna kuphela imfuno yokupholisa. Sibona ukuvela kokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokuthelekisa utshintsho lolawulo lobushushu lweemodeli eziphambili zeTesla, iModeli S ukuya kwiModeli Y. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu yesizukulwana sokuqala: ibhetri ipholisiwe ngomoya okanye ipholisiwe lulwelo, i-air conditioner ifudunyezwa yiPTC, kwaye inkqubo yokuqhuba umbane ipholisiwe lulwelo. Ezi sekethe zintathu zigcinwa ngaxeshanye kwaye zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo; inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu yesizukulwana sesibini: Ukupholisa ulwelo lwebhetri, ukufudumala kwePTC, ukupholisa ulwelo lolawulo lombane lwemoto, ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuchithwe yimoto yombane, ukunzulu konxibelelwano olulandelelanayo phakathi kweenkqubo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto; Inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu yesizukulwana sesithathu: ukufudumeza umoya opholileyo ngepompo yobushushu, ukufudumeza i-motor stall Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji kuyaqina, iinkqubo ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana, kwaye isekethe iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye idityaniswe kakhulu. Sikholelwa ukuba umongo wophuhliso lolawulo lobushushu lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla: usekelwe ekuhambeni kobushushu kunye nokutshintshiselana kwetekhnoloji yokupholisa umoya, ukuze 1) kuthintelwe umonakalo wobushushu; 2) kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla; 3) kusetyenziswe kwakhona iindawo ukuze kufezekiswe ukunciphisa umthamo kunye nobunzima.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-12-2023
