Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zizithuthi ezingathembeli kwi-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi njengomthombo wabo oyintloko wamandla, kwaye zibonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kweemoto zombane.Ibhetri inokutshajwa nge-injini eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, izibuko lokutshaja langaphandle, amandla elanga, amandla ekhemikhali okanye amandla e-hydrogen.
Inqanaba 1: Inqwelo yombane yokuqala yehlabathi yabonakala sele iphakathi kwekhulu le-19, kwaye le moto yombane yayiyimisebenzi yezizukulwana ezi-2.
Eyokuqala yayisisixhobo sokuhambisa umbane esagqitywa ngo-1828 yinjineli yaseHungary uAacute nyos Jedlik kwilebhu yakhe.Imoto yokuqala yombane yahlanjululwa yi-American Anderson phakathi kwe-1832 kunye ne-1839. Ibhetri esetyenziswe kule moto yombane yayilula kwaye ingenakuzaliswa.Ngo-1899 kwaveliswa i-wheel hub motor yi-Porsche yaseJamani ukuze ithathe indawo ye-chain drive eyayidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimoto.Oku kwalandelwa kuphuhliso lwemoto yombane i-Lohner-Porsche, eyayisebenzisa ibhetri ye-lead-acid njengomthombo wayo wamandla kwaye yayiqhutywa ngqo yi-wheel hub motor kumavili angaphambili - imoto yokuqala ukuthwala igama le-Porsche.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 yabona uphuhliso lwenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi, eyathi yathatha imoto yombane kuphela emarikeni.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-injini, ukuveliswa kwe-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zokuvelisa, imoto yamafutha yaphuhlisa inzuzo epheleleyo ngeli nqanaba.Ngokuchaseneyo nokuphazamiseka kokutshaja iimoto zombane, esi sigaba sabona ukurhoxiswa kweemoto zombane kwintengiso yeemoto.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ingxaki ye-oyile yazisa ingqwalasela entsha kwiimoto zombane kuphela.
Ngeli nqanaba, ilizwekazi laseYurophu lalisele liphakathi kwezoshishino, ixesha apho intlekele yeoli yayigxininiswe rhoqo kwaye xa uluntu luqala ukucinga ngokunyuka kweentlekele zokusingqongileyo ezinokubangelwa.Ubuncinci benjini yombane, ukungabikho kongcoliseko, ukungabikho komsi wokukhupha kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lengxolo likhokelela ekubeni nomdla ohlaziyiweyo kwiimoto zombane kuphela.Iqhutywa yinkunzi, itekhnoloji yokuqhuba iimoto zombane yaphuhliswa kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi, iimoto zombane ezisulungekileyo zafumana ingqwalasela ethe kratya kwaye iimoto ezincinci zombane zaqala ukuthatha imarike eqhelekileyo, njengezithuthi zokuhamba zegalufa.
Inqanaba lesi-4: Iminyaka yoo-1990 yabona ukudodobala kweteknoloji yebhetri, okubangela ukuba abavelisi bezithuthi zombane batshintshe indlela.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ithintele uphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ngeminyaka yoo-1990 yayikukukhula kobuchwephesha bebhetri.Akukho nkqubela phambili enkulu kwiibhetri ekhokelele ekubeni kungabikho mpumelelo kuluhlu lweebhokisi zentlawulo, ukwenza abavelisi bezithuthi zombane bajongane nemingeni emikhulu.Abavelisi beemoto zemveli, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwimarike, baqala ukuphuhlisa izithuthi ezixubileyo ukoyisa iingxaki zeebhetri ezimfutshane kunye noluhlu.Eli xesha limelwe kakhulu yi-PHEV plug-in hybrids kunye ne-HEV hybrids.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-21, kwakukho impumelelo kwitekhnoloji yebhetri kwaye amazwe aqala ukusebenzisa izithuthi zombane ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Kweli nqanaba, ukuxinana kweebhetri kunyukile, kwaye inqanaba loluhlu lwezithuthi zombane nalo lonyuka ngesantya seekhilomitha ezingama-50 ngonyaka, kwaye ukusebenza kwamandla eenjini zombane kwakungasenabuthathaka kunokwezinye iimoto zamafutha ezikhutshwa kancinci.
Inqanaba lesi-6: Ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuqhutywe ngumbutho omtsha wokuvelisa isithuthi samandla esimelwe nguTesla.
I-Tesla, inkampani engenawo amava kwimveliso yeemoto, ikhule ukusuka kwinkampani encinci yemoto yombane ukuya kwinkampani yemoto yehlabathi kwiminyaka eyi-15 nje, yenza oko i-GM kunye nezinye iinkokeli zeemoto zingakwazi ukwenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2023
