Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zizithuthi ezingaxhomekekanga kwinjini yokutsha yangaphakathi njengomthombo wazo oyintloko wamandla, kwaye zibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kweemoto zombane. Ibhetri inokutshajwa ngenjini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, izibuko lokutshaja langaphandle, amandla elanga, amandla ekhemikhali okanye amandla e-hydrogen.
Inqanaba loku-1: Imoto yokuqala yombane ehlabathini yavela sele iphakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, kwaye le moto yombane yayiyeyona nto yayisenziwa zizizukulwana ezibini.
Eyokuqala yayiyisixhobo sokuhambisa umbane esagqitywa ngo-1828 yinjineli yaseHungary uAacute nyos Jedlik kwilebhu yakhe. Imoto yokuqala yombane yahlaziywa yiAmerican Anderson phakathi ko-1832 no-1839. Ibhetri eyayisetyenziswa kule moto yombane yayilula kwaye ayizaliswa kwakhona. Ngo-1899 kwaveliswa injini yehabhu yamavili yiGerman Porsche ukuze ithathe indawo ye-chain drive eyayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto ngelo xesha. Oku kwalandelwa kukuphuhliswa kwemoto yombane iLohner-Porsche, eyayisebenzisa ibhetri ye-lead-acid njengomthombo wayo wamandla kwaye yayiqhutywa ngqo yimoto yehabhu yamavili kumavili angaphambili - imoto yokuqala ebizwa ngegama lePorsche.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwavela injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi, eyasusa imoto yombane kuphela kwimarike.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeenjini, ukuveliswa kwenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zokuvelisa, imoto yepetroli yaphuhlisa inzuzo epheleleyo ngeli nqanaba. Ngokungafaniyo nobunzima bokutshaja iimoto zombane, eli nqanaba libone ukurhoxiswa kweemoto zombane kuphela kwimarike yeemoto.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ingxaki yeoyile yazisa ingqwalasela entsha kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa umbane kuphela.
Ngeli nqanaba, ilizwekazi laseYurophu lalisele liphakathi kwezoshishino, ixesha apho ingxaki yeoyile yayisoloko igxininiswa kwaye uluntu lwaqala ukucinga ngeentlekele ezikhulayo zokusingqongileyo ezinokubangelwa. Ubukhulu obuncinci bemoto yombane, ukungabikho kongcoliseko, ukungabikho komsi wokukhupha umoya kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lengxolo kwakhokelela ekubeni nomdla ohlaziyiweyo kwizithuthi zombane kuphela. Iqhutywa yimali, iteknoloji yokuqhuba iimoto zombane yaphuhliswa kakhulu kuloo minyaka ilishumi, iimoto zombane ezicocekileyo zafumana ingqalelo engakumbi kwaye iimoto zombane ezincinci zaqala ukuthatha indawo kwimarike eqhelekileyo, njengezithuthi zokuhamba zegalufa.
Inqanaba lesi-4: Kwiminyaka yoo-1990 iteknoloji yebhetri yasilela, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abavelisi bezithuthi zombane batshintshe indlela.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu eyayithintela uphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ngeminyaka yoo-1990 yayikukukhula okulibazisekayo kwetekhnoloji yebhetri. Akukho nkqubela inkulu kwiibhetri ezenze ukuba kungabikho nkqubela phambili kuluhlu lweebhokisi zokutshaja, nto leyo eyenza abavelisi bezithuthi zombane bajongane nemingeni emikhulu. Abavelisi bezithuthi zemveli, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwimarike, baqala ukuphuhlisa izithuthi ezixutyiweyo ukuze boyise iingxaki zeebhetri ezimfutshane kunye noluhlu. Eli xesha limelwa ngcono zii-PHEV plug-in hybrids kunye nee-HEV hybrids.
Inqanaba lesi-5: Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, kubekho inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bebhetri kwaye amazwe aqala ukusebenzisa izithuthi zombane ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Kule nqanaba, uxinano lweebhetri lwanda, kwaye inqanaba lomgama weemoto zombane nalo landa ngesantya se-50 km ngonyaka, kwaye ukusebenza kwamandla eemoto zombane kwakungasekho buthathaka kunalawo eemoto ezithile ezikhupha amafutha kancinci.
Inqanaba lesi-6: Uphuhliso lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla luqhutywe ngamandla okuvelisa izithuthi ezintsha zamandla amelwe yiTesla.
I-Tesla, inkampani engenamava ekwenzeni iimoto, ikhule ukusuka kwinkampani encinci entsha yeemoto zombane ukuya kwinkampani yehlabathi yeemoto kwiminyaka eli-15 kuphela, yenza oko i-GM kunye nezinye iinkokeli zeemoto zingenakukwenza.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-17-2023
