Namhlanje, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zeemoto zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwiibhetri zamandla, kwaye uxinano lwamandla luya lusanda, kodwa abantu basachukunyiswa lukhuseleko lweebhetri zamandla, kwaye ayisosisombululo silungileyo kukhuseleko lweebhetri. Ukufudumala kwe-thermal yeyona nto iphambili yophando lokhuseleko lweebhetri zamandla, kwaye kufanelekile ukugxila kuyo.
Okokuqala, masiqonde ukuba yintoni i-thermal runaway. I-thermal runaway yinto eyenzeka ngenxa ye-chain reaction ebangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ubushushu obukhulu kunye neegesi eziyingozi ezikhutshwa yibhetri kwixesha elifutshane, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ibhetri ibambe umlilo kwaye iqhume kwiimeko ezinzima. Zininzi izizathu zokwenzeka kwe-thermal runaway, njengokugqithisa kakhulu, ukutshaja kakhulu, i-internal short circuit, ukungqubana, njl. njl. I-battery thermal runaway idla ngokuqala ngokuqhekeka kwefilimu ye-negative SEI kwiseli yebhetri, kulandele ukuqhekeka nokunyibilika kwe-diaphragm, kubangele i-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-electrolyte, kulandele ukuqhekeka kwe-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-electrolyte, ngaloo ndlela kubangele i-internal short circuit enkulu, ebangela ukuba i-electrolyte itshise, eya kuthi emva koko isasazeke kwezinye iiseli, ibangele ukuqhekeka okukhulu kwe-thermal kwaye ivumele lonke ipakethi yebhetri ukuba ivelise ukutsha okuzenzekelayo.
Izizathu zokubaleka kobushushu zingahlulwahlulwa zibe zizizathu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Izizathu zangaphakathi zihlala zibangelwa zii-internal short circuits; izizathu zangaphandle zibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi koomatshini, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kombane, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kobushushu, njl.
I-internal short circuit, edibana ngqo phakathi kwee-terminals ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri, iyahluka kakhulu kwinqanaba lokudibana kwayo kunye nempendulo elandelayo ebangelwayo. Ngokwesiqhelo i-internal short circuit enkulu ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa koomatshini kunye nobushushu iya kubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukubaleka kobushushu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-internal short circuits eziphuhlisa zodwa zincinci kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu obuvelisayo buncinci kangangokuba abubangeli ukubaleka kobushushu ngoko nangoko. Uphuhliso lwangaphakathi ludla ngokubandakanya iziphene zokwenza izinto, ukonakala kweempawu ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa kukuguga kwebhetri, njengokwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi, iidiphozithi ze-lithium metal ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kancinci kwexesha elide, njl. Njengoko ixesha liqhubeka, umngcipheko we-internal short circuit ebangelwa zizizathu ezinjalo zangaphakathi uya kunyuka kancinci.
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa koomatshini, kubhekisa ekuguqulweni kwe-lithium battery monomer kunye ne-battery pack phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, kunye nokufuduka okunxulumene neendawo ezahlukeneyo zayo. Iifom eziphambili ezichasene neseli yombane ziquka ukungqubana, ukukhupha kunye nokubhoboza. Umzekelo, into yangaphandle echukunyiswe sisithuthi ngesantya esiphezulu yakhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekuweni kwe-diaphragm yangaphakathi yebhetri, nto leyo eyabangela ukujikeleza okufutshane ngaphakathi kwebhetri kwaye yabangela ukutsha okukhawulezileyo kwixesha elifutshane.
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kombane kweebhetri ze-lithium ngokubanzi kubandakanya i-external short circuit, i-overcharge, i-overdial discharge iintlobo ezininzi, ezinokuthi zikhule zibe yi-thermal runaway ukuya kwi-overcharge. I-external short circuit yenzeka xa ii-conductors ezimbini ezine-differential pressure ziqhagamshelwe ngaphandle kweseli. Ii-external shorts kwi-battery packs zinokubangelwa kukuguquguquka okubangelwa kukungqubana kwezithuthi, ukuntywiliselwa emanzini, ukungcola kwe-conductor okanye ukutshayiswa kombane ngexesha lokulungiswa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu obukhutshwa kwi-external short circuit abuyifudumezi ibhetri ngokuchasene nokubhoboza. Ikhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi kwe-external short circuit kunye ne-thermal runaway bubushushu obufikelela kwinqanaba lokutshisa. Kuxa ubushushu obuveliswa yi-external short circuit bungenakunyamalala kakuhle apho ubushushu bebhetri bunyuka kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu bubangela i-thermal runaway. Ke ngoko, ukusika i-short-circuit current okanye ukukhupha ubushushu obugqithisileyo ziindlela zokuthintela i-external short circuit ukuba ivelise umonakalo ongakumbi. I-overcharge, ngenxa yokuba igcwele amandla, yenye yezona ngozi ziphezulu zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kombane. Ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye negesi ziimpawu ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo ye-overcharge. Ukuveliswa kobushushu kuvela kubushushu be-ohmic kunye neempendulo ezisecaleni. Okokuqala, ii-lithium dendrites zikhula kumphezulu we-anode ngenxa yokuxinana kakhulu kwe-lithium.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ubushushu obubalekayo:
Kwinqanaba lobushushu elizenzela ngokwalo ukuthintela ukubaleka kobushushu kwesiseko, sineendlela ezimbini, enye kukuphucula nokuphucula izinto zesiseko, eyona nto iphambili kukubaleka kobushushu kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwezinto ze-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye ne-electrolyte. Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka senze iimpumelelo eziphezulu kwi-cathode material coating, ukuguqulwa, ukuhambelana kwe-electrolyte efanayo kunye ne-electrode, kunye nokuphucula ukuqhuba kobushushu kwesiseko. Okanye khetha i-electrolyte enokhuseleko oluphezulu ukuze idlale isiphumo sokurhoxisa ilangatye. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela izisombululo zolawulo lobushushu ezisebenzayo (Isifudumezi sePTC esipholileyo/ Isifudumezi soMoya sePTC) ukusuka ngaphandle ukucinezela ukunyuka kobushushu bebhetri yeLi-ion, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifilimu ye-SEI yeseli ayinyuki iye kubushushu bokunyibilika, kwaye ngokwemvelo, ukubaleka kobushushu akuyi kwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-17-2023
