1. Iimpawu zeebhetri ze-lithium kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla
Iibhetri zeLithium ikakhulu zinezibonelelo zesantya esiphantsi sokuzikhupha, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu, amaxesha aphezulu okujikeleza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukusebenzisa iibhetri zeLithium njengesixhobo samandla esiphambili samandla amatsha kufana nokufumana umthombo wamandla olungileyo. Ke ngoko, ekubunjweni kwezinto eziphambili zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, iphakheji yebhetri yeLithium enxulumene neseli yebhetri yeLithium iye yaba yinxalenye yayo eyintloko ebaluleke kakhulu kunye nenxalenye eyintloko enika amandla. Ngexesha lokusebenza kweebhetri zeLithium, kukho iimfuno ezithile zokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo. Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo, ubushushu obusebenzayo obufanelekileyo bugcinwa kwi-20°C ukuya kwi-40°C. Nje ukuba ubushushu obujikeleze ibhetri budlule umda ochaziweyo, ukusebenza kwebhetri yeLithium kuya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye ubomi benkonzo buya kuncipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu obujikeleze ibhetri yeLithium buphantsi kakhulu, amandla okugqibela okukhupha kunye nevolthi yokukhupha iya kuphambuka kumgangatho omiselweyo, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuhla okukhulu.
Ukuba ubushushu obuphakathi buphezulu kakhulu, amathuba okuba ibhetri ye-lithium ibalekele ngaphandle kobushushu aya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu bangaphakathi buya kuqokelelana kwindawo ethile, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezinkulu zokuqokelelwa kobushushu. Ukuba le nxalenye yobushushu ayinakuthunyelwa ngaphandle kakuhle, kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium, ibhetri isengozini yokuqhuma. Le ngozi yokhuseleko ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kukhuseleko lomntu, ngoko ke iibhetri ze-lithium kufuneka zixhomekeke kwizixhobo zokupholisa ze-electromagnetic ukuphucula ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwezixhobo xa zisebenza. Kuyabonakala ukuba xa abaphandi belawula ubushushu beebhetri ze-lithium, kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zangaphandle ngokuchanekileyo ukuthumela ubushushu ngaphandle kwaye balawule ubushushu obusebenzayo obufanelekileyo beebhetri ze-lithium. Emva kokuba ulawulo lobushushu lufikelele kwimigangatho ehambelanayo, injongo yokuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla ayizukusongelwa.
2. Indlela yokuvelisa ubushushu yebhetri entsha ye-lithium yamandla esithuthi
Nangona ezi bhetri zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zamandla, kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwangempela, umahluko phakathi kwazo ucacile ngakumbi. Ezinye iibhetri zineengxaki ezinkulu, ngoko ke abavelisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka bakhethe ngononophelo. Umzekelo, ibhetri ye-lead-acid inika amandla aneleyo kwicandelo eliphakathi, kodwa iya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindawo engqongileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo, kwaye lo monakalo awuyi kulungiswa kamva. Ke ngoko, ukuze kukhuselwe ukhuseleko lwendalo, ilizwe libeke iibhetri ze-Lead-acid kuluhlu oluthintelweyo. Ngexesha lophuhliso, iibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zifumene amathuba amahle, iteknoloji yophuhliso iye yakhula kancinci, kwaye ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo buye banda. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium, iingxaki zayo zicacile kancinci. Umzekelo, kunzima kubavelisi bebhetri abaqhelekileyo ukulawula iindleko zemveliso yeebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso leebhetri ze-nickel-hydrogen kwimarike lihlale liphezulu. Ezinye iimpawu zezithuthi zamandla ezintsha ezilandela ukusebenza kweendleko aziyi kuqwalasela ukuzisebenzisa njengeenxalenye zeemoto. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iibhetri ze-Ni-MH zinovakalelo olukhulu kubushushu obuphakathi kuneebhetri ze-lithium, kwaye zinokwenzeka ukuba zibambe umlilo ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu. Emva kokuthelekiswa okuninzi, iibhetri ze-lithium ziyavela kwaye ngoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla.
Isizathu sokuba iibhetri ze-lithium zikwazi ukubonelela ngamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha kukuba ii-electrode zazo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zinezixhobo ezisebenzayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakwa nokukhutshelwa kwezinto rhoqo, kufunyanwa amandla amaninzi ombane, kwaye ngokomgaqo wokuguqulwa kwamandla, amandla ombane kunye namandla e-kinetic. Ukufezekisa injongo yokutshintshana, ngaloo ndlela kunikezelwa amandla aqinileyo kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, kunokufezekisa injongo yokuhamba nemoto. Kwangaxeshanye, xa iseli yebhetri ye-lithium ifumana impendulo yamakhemikhali, iya kuba nomsebenzi wokufunxa ubushushu nokukhulula ubushushu ukuze kugqitywe ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Ukongeza, i-athomu ye-lithium ayitshintshi, inokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-diaphragm, kwaye kukho ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization.
Ngoku, ubushushu buza kukhutshwa ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu obujikeleze ibhetri ye-lithium yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla buphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba abahluli abalungileyo nabangalunganga baqhekeke. Ukongeza, ukwakheka kwebhetri entsha ye-lithium yamandla kwenziwe ngeepakethe ezininzi zebhetri. Ubushushu obuveliswa zizo zonke iipakethe zebhetri budlula kakhulu obo bebhetri enye. Xa ubushushu budlula ixabiso elimiselweyo, ibhetri isengozini enkulu yokuqhuma.
3. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili benkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri
Kwinkqubo yolawulo lweebhetri zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ziye zanika ingqwalasela ephezulu, zaqalisa uthotho lophando, kwaye zifumene iziphumo ezininzi. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kuvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwamandla ebhetri aseleyo kwinkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri yesithuthi esitsha samandla, ulawulo lwebhalansi yebhetri kunye neetekhnoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwiinkqubo yolawulo lobushushu.
3.1 Indlela yokuvavanya amandla aseleyo kwinkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri
Abaphandi batyale amandla amaninzi kunye nemizamo enzima kuvavanyo lwe-SOC, ikakhulu besebenzisa ii-algorithms zedatha yesayensi ezifana nendlela ye-ampere-hour integral, indlela yemodeli ethe ngqo, indlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural kunye nendlela ye-Kalman filter ukwenza inani elikhulu leemvavanyo zokulinganisa. Nangona kunjalo, iimpazamo zokubala zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwale ndlela. Ukuba impazamo ayilungiswanga ngexesha, umsantsa phakathi kweziphumo zokubala uya kuba mkhulu nangakumbi. Ukuze balungise esi siphene, abaphandi badla ngokudibanisa indlela yovavanyo lwe-Anshi nezinye iindlela zokuqinisekisana, ukuze bafumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Ngedatha echanekileyo, abaphandi banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo umbane wokukhupha ibhetri.
3.2 Ulawulo olulinganiseleyo lwenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri
Ulawulo lwebhalansi yenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri lusetyenziswa kakhulu ukulungelelanisa i-voltage kunye namandla enxalenye nganye yebhetri yamandla. Emva kokuba iibhetri ezahlukeneyo zisetyenzisiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, amandla kunye ne-voltage ziya kwahluka. Ngeli xesha, ulawulo lwebhalansi kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukususa umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ukungangqinelani. Okwangoku yindlela yokulawula ibhalansi esetyenziswa kakhulu
Yahlulwe ngokubanzi ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: i-passive equalization kunye ne-active equalization. Ngokwembono yesicelo, imigaqo yokusetyenziswa esetyenziswa zezi ntlobo zimbini zeendlela ze-equalization yahlukile kakhulu.
(1) Ibhalansi engasebenziyo. Umgaqo wokulinganisa okungasebenziyo usebenzisa ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kwamandla ebhetri kunye ne-voltage, ngokusekelwe kwidatha ye-voltage yomgca omnye weebhetri, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwezi zimbini ngokubanzi kufezekiswa ngokukhupha ubushushu: amandla ebhetri enamandla aphezulu avelisa ubushushu ngokufudumeza ubushushu, Emva koko anyamalale emoyeni ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokulahleka kwamandla. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokulinganisa ayiphuculi ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuchithwa kobushushu akulingani, ibhetri ayizukukwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi wolawulo lobushushu bebhetri ngenxa yengxaki yokugqithisa kakhulu.
(2) Ibhalansi esebenzayo. Ibhalansi esebenzayo yimveliso ephuculweyo yebhalansi engasebenziyo, ehlawula iingxaki zebhalansi engasebenziyo. Ngokwembono yomgaqo wokuqonda, umgaqo we-equalization esebenzayo awubhekiseli kumgaqo we-equalization engasebenziyo, kodwa wamkela ingcamango entsha eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: i-equalization esebenzayo ayiguquli amandla ombane ebhetri ibe ngamandla obushushu kwaye ayichithe, ukuze amandla aphezulu adluliselwe. Amandla avela kwibhetri adluliselwe kwibhetri enamandla aphantsi. Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lothumelo aluphuli umthetho wokonga amandla, kwaye luneenzuzo zokulahleka okuphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa, kunye neziphumo ezikhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo lolawulo lwebhalansi luyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuba indawo yokulinganisela ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwiphakheji yebhetri yamandla ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obugqithisileyo. Ukushwankathela, zombini ulawulo lwebhalansi esebenzayo kunye nolawulo lwebhalansi engasebenziyo zineengxaki kunye neenzuzo. Kwizicelo ezithile, abaphandi banokwenza ukhetho ngokwendlela kunye nenani leentambo zeepakethi zebhetri ye-lithium. Iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium ezinomthamo omncinci nezincinci zifanelekile kulawulo lokulinganisa olungasebenziyo, kwaye iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium enamandla aphezulu nezinamandla aphezulu zifanelekile kulawulo lokulinganisa olusebenzayo.
3.3 Iiteknoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri
(1) Misela uluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri. Inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulungelelanisa ubushushu obujikeleze ibhetri, ngoko ke ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu, iteknoloji ephambili ephuhliswe ngabaphandi isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukumisela ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri. Logama nje ubushushu bebhetri bugcinwe kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, ibhetri ye-lithium inokuhlala ikwimeko yokusebenza engcono, inika amandla aneleyo okusebenza kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunokuhlala kukwimeko entle kakhulu.
(2) Ukubalwa kobubanzi bobushushu bebhetri kunye nokuqikelela ubushushu. Le teknoloji ibandakanya inani elikhulu leemodeli zezibalo. Izazinzulu zisebenzisa iindlela zokubala ezifanayo ukufumana umahluko wobushushu ngaphakathi kwebhetri, kwaye zisebenzise oku njengesiseko sokuqikelela ukuziphatha kobushushu bebhetri okunokwenzeka.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwenkqubo yolawulo lobushushu kuxhomekeke ekukhethweni kwesixhobo sokudlulisa ubushushu. Uninzi lwezithuthi zamandla ezintsha zangoku zisebenzisa umoya/isibandisi njengesixhobo sokupholisa. Le ndlela yokupholisa ilula ukuyisebenzisa, ixabiso layo liphantsi, kwaye inokufezekisa injongo yokusasaza ubushushu bebhetri. (Isifudumezi soMoya sePTC/Isifudumezi sePTC esipholileyo)
(4) Sebenzisa uyilo lwesakhiwo somoya kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu ngaxeshanye. Uyilo lomoya kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu phakathi kweepakethe zebhetri ye-lithium lunokwandisa ukuhamba komoya ukuze usasazwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kweepakethe zebhetri, ukusombulula ngempumelelo umahluko wobushushu phakathi kweemodyuli zebhetri.
(5) Ukukhetha indawo yokulinganisa ubushushu kunye nefeni. Kule modyuli, abaphandi basebenzise inani elikhulu leemvavanyo ukwenza izibalo zethiyori, baze basebenzise iindlela ze-fluid mechanics ukufumana amaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwamandla efeni. Emva koko, abaphandi baza kusebenzisa izinto ezilinganiselweyo ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ubushushu ukuze bafumane idatha yobushushu bebhetri ngokuchanekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-10-2024
