Iibhasi ezintsha zamandla (iibhasi zikawonke-wonke, iibhasi zabakhweli, iibhasi zabakhenkethi, njl.njl.), njengezithuthi eziqhutywa kurhwebo, zineempawu eziphambili ezifana nomthamo omkhulu webhetri, uyilo lwebhetri esasazekileyo, iimfuno eziphezulu zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza ngaphandle kuzo zonke iimeko, kunye nomthamo ophezulu wabakhweli.Inkqubo yoLawulo loBushushu beBhetri (BTMS)Ayisiyo "sixhobo sokulawula ubushushu bebhetri" nje kuphela, kodwa yinkqubo ephambili eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwebhasi, ubomi bebhetri, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nozinzo lomgama. Ikwayimodyuli ebalulekileyo eyahlula ulawulo lobushushu lweebhasi ezintsha zamandla kwelo leemoto zabakhweli.
Le nkqubo, eyenzelwe iimpawu zokusebenza kweebhetri zamandla ebhasi (uninzi lwe-lithium iron phosphate, enomlinganiselo omncinci we-ternary lithium), isebenzisa imisebenzi efana nolawulo lobushushu olusebenzayo, ukubuyisa ubushushu obumdaka, ulawulo lobushushu olufanayo, kunye nolawulo lobushushu olutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuzinzisa ubushushu bepakethi yebhetri ngaphakathi koluhlu olusebenzayo oluyi-25 ~ 35℃. Ikwahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko eyimfuneko yomgangatho wesizwe "Iimfuno zoKhuseleko lweeBhetri zoMbane zeZithuthi zoMbane" (GB 38031), okwenza ukuba ibe yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwezorhwebo kweebhasi ezintsha zamandla.
I. Ixabiso eliPhambili leSicelo seBTMS kwiiBhasi zaMandla amatsha
Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zabakhweli,I-BTMS yezithuthi zombaneIibhasi zigxila kakhulu kwindlela yokusebenza, apho ixabiso eliphambili ligxile ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza, endaweni yokwandisa nje uluhlu. Lo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kolawulo lobushushu kwiibhasi kunye nezithuthi zabakhweli:
1. Ukuthintela ukuQhekeka kobushushu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwezithuthi
Iipakethi zebhetri zebhasi zamandla amatsha zihlala zinamandla e-100-300kWh, ezenziwe ziimodyuli ezininzi zebhetri ezidityanisiweyo ngochungechunge kunye nangokulandelelana. Ukuvezwa ngaphandle, imithwalo ephezulu ngexesha lokuqhuba ukunyuka, kunye nombane ophezulu ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekutshiseni kakhulu kwindawo ethile.inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bebhetri, ngokusebenzisa ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ukujonga ubushushu, kunye nezilumkiso zokubaleka kobushushu, kuthintela ukugcwala kwebhetri, ii-short circuits, kunye nokubaleka kobushushu, nto leyo enciphisa ngokusisiseko izinga leengozi kwimisebenzi yeebhasi (iimfuneko zokhuseleko zeebhasi/izithuthi zabakhweli ziphezulu kakhulu kunezezithuthi zabakhweli).
2. Ukwandisa Ubomi Bomjikelo Webhetri kunye Nokunciphisa Iindleko Zokutshintshwa Komsebenzi
Ibhetri yamandla yeyona ndleko iphambili yeebhasi ezintsha zamandla (ezibalelwa kwi-30%-40%), kwaye ubomi bebhetri yesithuthi esisebenzayo bumisela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zomjikelo wobomi besithuthi esinye. Xa kukho ukunyuka kobushushu nge-1°C, ubomi bomjikelo webhetri ye-lithium buyancipha malunga ne-2%; ukutshaja nokukhupha i-lithium kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunokukhokelela kwi-lithium crystallization engenakuguqulwa.ulawulo lobushushu bezithuthi zombane, ngokulawula ubushushu obuchanekileyo, inokwandisa ubomi bomjikelo weebhetri zebhasi ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3-4 (malunga nemijikelo engama-2000) ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5-6 (malunga nemijikelo engama-3000), nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokutshintsha iibhetri kubaqhubi.
Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuphucula ukuhamba kwebhasi. Iibhasi zihlala zisebenzisa imo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yemizuzu emi-3-10 (umbane wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza unokufikelela kwi-300-500A). Ukutshaja okuphezulu kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ayipholiswanga ngexesha, ibhetri iya kubangela ukhuseleko lobushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye inciphise amandla okutshaja, nto leyo ebangela amaxesha okutshaja amade. Umsebenzi wolawulo lobushushu obukhawulezileyo we-BTMS unokulawula ubushushu bebhetri ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo, uphephe ukonakala kwamandla okutshaja kwaye uqinisekise isigqi sokusebenza "sokutshaja nokuhamba" kweebhasi.
3. Ukuzinzisa ukutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri kakuhle kunciphisa ukuwohloka komgama osebenzayo. Iibhasi ezintsha zamandla zisebenza kwiindlela ezimiselweyo (iibhasi) okanye imigama emide (uthutho lwabakhweli), zifuna uzinzo oluphezulu lomgama. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha ibhetri, ngelixa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokubangela ukunciphisa amandla okukhupha ibhetri ngama-30%–50%. I-BTMS (iNkqubo yoLawulo loBushushu beBattery) izinzisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja/ukukhupha ibhetri ngaphezulu kwama-90% ngokupholisa okusebenzayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufudumeza kwangaphambili okusebenzayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, okuthintela ukulahleka kwamandla kunye nokonakala ngenxa yeengxaki zobushushu bebhetri ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ukuphucula ukufana kobushushu beepakethi zebhetri kuthintela ukuwohloka kwangaphambi kwexesha kweemodyuli nganye. Iipakethi zebhetri kwiibhasi ezintsha zamandla zihlala zisasazwa (uphahla, amacala e-chassis, ngasemva). Iimodyuli zebhetri kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zichaphazeleka kakhulu bubushushu obuphakathi (umz., iimodyuli zophahla ezivezwa kubushushu obuphezulu, iimodyuli ze-chassis kubushushu obuphantsi), okukhokelela ngokulula kumahluko aphezulu obushushu (>5℃) phakathi kweemodyuli, okubangela ukutshaja kakhulu, ukukhupha kakhulu, kunye nokuwohloka kwangaphambi kwexesha kweemodyuli nganye. I-BTMS, ngokulawula ukufana kobushushu, ilawula umahluko wobushushu phakathi kweemodyuli ngaphakathi kwepakethi yebhetri ukuya kwi-**≤3℃**, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwepakethi yebhetri iyonke kwaye ithintele "imodyuli enye erhuqa yonke ipakethi." 4. Ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza. I-BTMS esemgangathweni ophezulu iya kudibanisa ukubuyiswa kobushushu obulahlekileyo beemoto zebhasi, ulawulo lwe-elektroniki kunye nenkqubo yomoya ukuze ithathe indawo yokufudumeza kombane kwe-PTC yendabuko (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunokufikelela kwi-10~20kW), ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okufudumeza ibhetri kubushushu obuphantsi, ukwandisa uluhlu lokusebenza kwebhasi nge-15%~20% ebusika, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokutshaja kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-26-2026
